HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS CORRELATED WITH THE SETTLING PATTERNS OF BREEDING MALLARDS AND CANADA GEESE IN THE MIXED WOODLAND PLAIN OF SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waterfowl produced on the mixed woodland plain (MWP) of southern Ontario contribute substantially to regional sport harvest and are economically important. I studied how habitat characteristics affected the distribution and abundance (settling patterns) of breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) in the MWP. Additionally, I tested a hypothesis that Canada geese competitively exclude mallards from breeding habitat in the MWP. Aerial surveys, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) technology were used to assess these relationships at several spatial scales. Mallards had positive associations with the density of emergent, temporary open-water, and riverine wetlands and perennial fields at several spatial scales. Canada goose results were more scale-dependent, but density of riverine, forested and permanent open water wetlands and areas of emergent wetlands and annually cropped fields were important. I found a positive spatial relationship between species. These results will facilitate habitat conservation directives for the MWP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".