Introduction: Exploring the Dilemmas of Solidarity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the rise of the Canadian welfare state in the aftermath of the Second World War, the politics of social policy and fiscal federalism have been at the center of federal-provincial relations. Dilemmas of Solidarity re-examines and interrogates some basic aspects of the institutions and policies of the “Social Union”, a term coined by Keith Banting and others to emphasize that the Canadian welfare state had to adapt to the reality of federalism. At the core of debates over the Social Union and fiscal federalism are debates about redistribution within the Canadian federation. There are fundamentally different ways of conceptualizing what the appropriate character and scope of redistribution should be. Disagreement over these basic questions of principle generates disagreement on particulars. At a deeper level, these debates turn on different visions of the type of political community Canada is. Indeed, the dilemmas of solidarity raised by redistribution within the federation are, in the end, dilemmas about Canada itself.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".