Investigating the causal impact of gestational diabetes on youth-onset hypertension in offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypertension is the second most common pediatric chronic disease worldwide. Previous work suggests that an individual’s risk for hypertension could begin in utero. Early seminal studies demonstrated a link between exposure to malnutrition in utero and elevated risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in the offspring. In the 21st century, studies revealed that hyperglycemia, pre-pregnancy diabetes, and gestational diabetes were all associated with markers of offspring cardiovascular health including increased blood pressure. However, it was not clear whether these associations represented a causal effect. Additionally, it is unclear the extent to which trends in gestational diabetes incidence have changed over time. This thesis was designed to fill these knowledge gaps. First, I conducted a descriptive study of gestational diabetes incidence to assess trends over time and among high-risk groups. Second, to investigate the causal impact of gestational diabetes on youth-onset hypertension among offspring, I conducted a triangulation study. Triangulation in epidemiology refers to conducting multiple studies, all designed to assess the same research question, that have differing limitations, risk of bias, and assumptions. For this thesis I conducted (1) an exact-matched study, (2) a negative exposure control study, and (3) a discordant sibling-matched study. Results showed that diagnosis of gestational diabetes has increased markedly over the last several decades with high-risk groups experiencing the highest rates and lower risk groups experiencing the highest increase in rates. Additionally, the evidence suggests that it is unlikely that exposure to gestational diabetes confers a direct independent increased risk for the development of youth-onset hypertension. Collectively, the work completed for this thesis demonstrates the importance of exploring causal factors that may simultaneously contribute to the cause of both elevated gestational diabetes and elevated youth-onset hypertension.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".