Isolation, «in vivo» characterization, and safety validation of nitrate reductase active «Lactobacillus fermentum» NCIMB 702342 and its implications in addressing metabolic disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a diverse genus of lactic acid bacteria with many strains that have been used for food fermentation. Given their historic use in foods and the ability of some strains to reduce nitrate, these bacteria are perfect candidates as a promising probiotic for treating metabolic disease. Herein, a nitrate reductase active lactobacillus was isolated from a library of candidate bacteria and an assay was developed to quantify its enzymatic activity. Moreover, a study was conducted to assess the strain's nitrate reductase activity in vivo following induced hypertension using NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in an animal study. The results indicated that the probiotics did not result in attenuation of hypertension; however, the isolated strain, L. fermentum NCIMB 72023, may potentially reduce systemic nitrate to nitrite. Furthermore, safety validation was performed on Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 702342. Species-level identity was achieved through metabolic and genetic techniques and confirmed that the strain was a Lactobacillus fermentum. Although L. fermentum NCIMB 702342 was found to be resistant to clindamycin, the strain was susceptible to 7 other antibiotics. Furthermore, formation of metabolic by-products and antimicrobial agents were not observed. In summary, L. fermentum NCIMB 702342 was isolated from a library of candidate strains for its nitrate reductase activity, an assay was developed to quantify it enzymatic rate, an in vivo strain efficacy trial was conducted, and preliminary in vitro safety were assessed. Keywords: Lactobacillus fermentum, bacterial screening, nitrate reductase, safety validation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".