La metabolizzazione delle Olimpiadi. Capacita trasformativa e lascito dei mega-eventi nel paesaggio urbano
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of metropolitan cities around the world. There is an undeniable economic link between these cities, thus forming a global landscape (Sassen, 2004). The latter includes cities wishing to leave their national context with the ambition of excelling at the international level. Each city has its own vision of the potential action needed to implement this radical change (Secchi, 2006). In order to assert their presence at the international level, these cities are particularly keen to hold important events – including mega-events, and most notably, Summer Olympics (Smith, 2012) – through which they can ensure their metropolitan development in multiple directions. Indeed, the Olympic Games have the capacity to organize, within the host city, a true cycle of life characterized by a pre- event and post-event. The issue then becomes for the metropolis to find ways to instrumentalize this mega-event to give a long-term vision of its cultural, economic, and infrastructural development. Already, it is possible to highlight the weakness in the scope and nature of a vision proposed over the long term. Indeed, what is really at stake for a metropolis, through the development of the Summer Olympic Games, is to design an urban landscape that is transformed with and beyond the legacy of the Olympic Games into its material and immaterial brands (Cashman and Hughes, 1999; Ritchie, 2000; Goad, 2001; Searle, 2002; Preuss, 2007; Hiller, 2006; Bondonio and Mela, 2008). For this reason, the main proposal of this research is to examine the possible identification of a metabolism of the Olympic Games and its material heritage in the post-event phase. More specifically, this thesis is based on a theoretical framework that reconstructs the concept of the urban landscape’s metabolism. This concept of urban metabolism emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. It leads to a reflection on the urban landscape’s capacity of transformation and its mutation through the choice for the conception of the public and private actors around the same controversy. From a methodological point of view, this research is supported by a qualitative approach based on a flexible research design. A structuralist and interpretative approach was undertaken both for data collection and for the analysis of the selected content. More specifically, this study considers the case studies of Rome (1960), Montreal (1976) and London (2012), both in their pre-event and post-event phases. The objective is to evaluate the organization of the event from its conception to its management, as well as how its heritage and its transformative action were considered. In the end, this research shows that the Olympic Games have an operational value of concertation that interweaves different scales: international, metropolitan, and urban.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".