Latvian Entrepreneurship in the U.S. and Canada: Reflection in the Newspapers of Latvian Exile (1949-1959)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bakalaura darba mērķis bija izpētīt latviešu uzņēmējdarbības atspoguļojumu latviešu trimdas presē laikā no 1949. gada līdz 1959. gadam, veicot izmantotā materiāla klasificēšanu pēc reģionālajiem (ASV gadījuma) un darbības sektoru principiem (Kanādas gadījumā). Darba izstrādes procesā periodiskajos izdevumos kopumā tika konstatēti 142 latviešu saimnieciskie pasākumi, no tiem 76 bijuši ASV un 66 – Kanādā. Tika noskaidrots, ka gan ASV, gan Kanādā latviešu uzņēmumi līdzīgās proporcijās pārstāvējuši terciāro (pakalpojumi) un sekundāro (rūpniecība un amatniecība) sektoru. Latviešu uzņēmējdarbības intensitāte svešumā norāda uz to, ka latviešu ieceļotāji bijuši svarīgi abu apskatīto valstu saimniecībā un ekonomikā ne tikai kā patērētāji, bet arī kā ražotāji, kas nodarbinājuši ne vien citus ieceļotājus, bet arī vietējos kanādiešus un amerikāņus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".