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Record W6992475575

L'innovatività della target therapy e la sua applicazione nel tumore polmonare: etica, analisi farmacoeconomica e ruolo infermieristico

2019· article· it· W6992475575 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueElectronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of Pisa) · 2019
Typearticle
Languageit
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)PopulationWork (physics)Limiting
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Nell’odierna condizione di risorse esigue e insoddisfacenti ad accogliere tutti i bisogni sanitari della popolazione, bisogna comunque garantire assistenza e cure di elevata qualità e simultaneamente assicurarsi che esse siano equamente distribuite. Rispettare i vincoli di bilancio delle risorse di finanza pubblica previste per il SSN e generare un giusto profitto per le imprese farmaceutiche, tale da poterlo reinvestire nella ricerca e creare innovazione, sono i criteri basilari per la corretta gestione del mercato del farmaco. L’analisi farmacoeconomica è la disciplina che valuta comparativamente i costi e gli effetti di prodotti/trattamenti alternativi allo scopo di qualificare e quantificare i processi di decisione in termini di allocazione delle risorse di un dato intervento sanitario. La Farmacoeconomia descrive e analizza i costi e le conseguenze dei prodotti e dei servizi farmaceutici che ricadono sul singolo paziente, sul sistema sanitario e sulla società. La valutazione farmacoeconomica è indispensabile in tutti gli ambiti, soprattutto in quello oncologico in cui si devono includere tutte le considerazioni sui costi, le analisi dei risultati e le preferenze dei pazienti riguardo al loro trattamento. La natura aggressiva della malattia e la velocità con cui il cancro non trattato può causare la morte rende inevitabile la massimizzazione dell’utilizzo di tutte le risorse necessarie, ma ciò si scontra con l’esiguità delle risorse disponibili e con dilemmi di natura etica. La descrizione dell’eticità del trattamento oncologico con target therapy è fondamentale considerando sia il punto di vista del paziente che lo riceve, sia quello scientifico del medico che lo prescrive, sia quello della società in generale che deve sostenere le spese. Negli ultimi anni vi è stato un progresso nello studio e nello sviluppo della target therapy, avvalendosi di farmaci in grado di agire contro bersagli specifici che possono rallentare e/o arrestare la crescita tumorale. Ne sono un esempio i farmaci inibitori tirosin-chinasici (TKIs) per il gene EGFR, utilizzati nel tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC). In questa tesi sono descritti i principali farmaci utilizzati in questa patologia tumorale, le tecniche e i relativi costi di diagnostica molecolare, oltre ai costi e ai benefici derivanti dall’utilizzo di erlotinib, gefitinib e osimertinib in diversi setting internazionali, tra cui Europa, Stati Uniti e Canada. Infine, valutando il crescente ruolo infermieristico nella neoplasia polmonare e nel campo oncologico in generale, sono analizzati i principali effetti avversi da farmaci inibitori di EGFR e l’assistenza infermieristica ad essi correlata. In aggiunta, vengono descritti i principali aspetti pratici legati al ruolo infermieristico, al fine di garantire la presa in carico del paziente oncologico attraverso i molteplici percorsi in cui l’infermiere può specializzarsi: formazione, didattica, ricerca e management. In today's condition of scarce and unsatisfactory resources to accommodate all the health needs of the population, it is however necessary to guarantee assistance and care of high quality and also ensure that they are distributed evenly. Respect the budgetary constraints of public finance resources foreseen for the NHS and generate a fair profit for pharmaceutical companies, so that they can reinvest it in research and create innovation, are the basic criteria for the proper management of the of the drug market. Pharmacoeconomics analysis is the discipline that evaluates comparatively the costs and effects of alternative products/treatments with the aim of qualify and quantify decision-making processes in terms of resource allocation of a given medical interventio. The pharmacoeconomics describes and analyses the costs and the the consequences of pharmaceutical products and services for the individual patient, on the health system and society. The pharmacoeconomic assessment is in all areas, especially in the oncological field in which it is necessary to include all cost considerations, analysis of results and preferences of the patients with regard to their treatment. The aggressive nature of the disease and the speed with which untreated cancer can cause death makes it inevitable that maximisation of the use of all necessary resources, but this clashes with the scarcity of resources available and with ethical dilemmas. The description of the ethicality of oncological treatment with target therapy is fundamental considering both the point of view of the patient receiving it and the scientific point of view of the the doctor who prescribes it, and that of society in general which must support the expenses. In recent years there has been progress in the study and development of the target therapy, using drugs capable of acting against specific targets that may slow and/or stop tumor growth. Examples of this are drugs tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the EGFR gene, used in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In this thesis are described the main drugs used in this tumor pathology, the techniques and the related molecular diagnostic costs, in addition to the costs and benefits arising from the use of erlotinib, gefitinib and osimertinib in various international settings, including Europe, the United States and Canada. Finally, evaluating the growing role of nursing in pulmonary neoplasm and in the oncological field in general, the main adverse effects of drugs are analyzed EGFR inhibitors and related nursing care. In addition, the main practical aspects related to the nursing role are described, in order to ensure the care of the cancer patient through the multiple paths in which the nurse can specialize in: training, teaching, research and management.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.007
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.007
Threshold uncertainty score0.039

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0070.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0060.003
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.054
GPT teacher head0.326
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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