Low Voltage Measurements on Nine PFNs for the LHC Injection Kicker Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Each of two LHC injection kicker magnet systems must produce a kick of 1.3 T.m with a flattop duration variable up to 7.86 µs, and rise and fall times of less than 900 ns and 3 µs, respectively.A kicker magnet system consists of four 5 Ω transmission line magnets with matching terminating resistors, four 5 Ω Pulse Forming Networks (PFN) and two Resonant Charging Power Supplies (RCPS).Nine PFNs have been built at TRIUMF and all have been tested at low voltage (10 V) to ensure that the performance is within specification.High voltage tests (60 kV) will be carried out at TRIUMF following the manufacture of thyratron switch tanks.All of the PFNs were measured without damping resistors installed: the maximum peak-to-peak voltage ripple was less than 0.9% (i.e.±0.45%).In addition, a few PFNs were measured with damping resistors: the ripple was better than ±0.1% for 87% of the flattop duration.The absolute average measured flattops of the 9 PFNs are all within ±0.1% of each other.This paper describes measurements and analyses of the pulse performance of the PFNs.The measurements are compared with PSpice predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".