Marine habitat use patterns of the Endangered Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the central-southern Puget Sound
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine habitat use patterns of the Endangered Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the central-southern Puget Sound Seabirds face a number of threats including human disturbances, pollution, and climate change. Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are particularly vulnerable to these impacts, as both terrestrial and marine environments are crucial for their survival. Listed as Endangered in Washington state and Threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service south of the US-Canada border, Marbled Murrelets are well-studied; however, relatively little is known about their distribution and marine habitat use patterns in the central and southern Puget Sound. We conducted shore and boat-based observations of Marbled Murrelets at three study sites near Tacoma (Browns Point Lighthouse, Gig Harbor Lighthouse, and Point Fosdick) from April through August 2021 to determine if persistent marine hotspots exist for marbled murrelets at these locations and characterize habitat use patterns. At the Browns Point Lighthouse site, we also measured boat traffic and conducted behavioral observations of murrelets to assess whether boat traffic caused noticeable disturbances. All three sites were used consistently for foraging by Marbled Murrelets throughout the breeding season, with birds observed through the end of July. Additionally, we mapped the distribution of foraging activity locations around Browns Point, with foraging occurring almost exclusively along the inshore area to the northwest of the lighthouse. Boat traffic did not appear to influence foraging behavior significantly. Our results indicate that there are multiple stable foraging hotspots for Marbled Murrelets in southern Puget Sound. Additionally, the consistent presence of Marbled Murrelets at these sites throughout the breeding season suggests that there is a previously undescribed population of these endangered seabirds in southern Puget Sound.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".