Megaspores of the West mains farm borehole, tournaisian, England
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the end Devonian Mass Extinction event, tetrapods seemed to disappear from the fossil record for a significant time interval (Romer's Gap). However, many have been discovered within intact ecosystems from a number of Tournaisian localities in Nova Scotia, Canada and in the Scottish Borders, UK. These tetrapods, and associated environments, are now being studied by the NERC funded TW:eed Project. The UK tetrapod sites are from a number of scattered localities in the poorly exposed Ballagan Formation. In an attempt to tie these localities together stratigraphically, the Ballagan Formation has been cored (501.33 m) in the West Mains Farm borehole at Norham, just inside the England border. This is a preliminary account of the megaspores from the borehole. Although megaspores are well known from a number of localities in the region, this is the first time they can be studied stratigraphically within a continuous section. After standard palynological processing, megaspores were hand-picked from the >150 μm fraction. The distribution of the megaspores through the Ballagan Formation shows that they occur in discrete zones that highlights an episodic return to a lycopod forested landscape. Abundant Didymosporites scottii megaspores together with rarer lycopods (Setosisporites sp.) support an environmental reconstruction of a low-level vegetation of the fern Stauropteris with higher, most distant lycopods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".