Middle Cambrian linguliformean brachiopods of the Pika and Sullivan formations, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Linguliformean brachiopods were collected and described from the middle Cambrian Pika and Sullivan formations in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. These formations consist of coarse-grained grainstone interbedded with lime mudstones and siltstones in a storm-influenced, distal offshore setting. Grainstone and rudstone beds record high-energy events such as storms and tsunamis. Brachiopods occur mostly in the grainstone interbeds along with disarticulated trilobite sclerites and eocrinoid ossicles, all of which likely did not experience long-distance transport. Breakage of brachiopod valves is common in grainstone and is also observed alongside rare abrasion in lime mudstone, suggesting occasional bottom turbulence. Only rare specimens of the paterinid Micromitra Meek 1873 sp. indet. were found in the Bolaspidella trilobite Biozone (Drumian Stage) of the Pika Formation. The assemblage from the Cedaria trilobite Biozone (Guzhangian Stage) of the Sullivan Formation includes the obolids Dicellomus politus Hall 1871, D. cf. D. amblia Bell 1944, D. appalachia Walcott 1905, and D. nanus Meek and Hayden 1862. No acrotretids were recovered. This low-diversity fauna could reflect the deeper water and more outboard depositional setting of the Sullivan Formation in comparison to other contemporaneous units elsewhere. Brachiopods recovered from the Sullivan Formation at Mount Murchison, the most seaward locality, show a wider range of sizes by comparison to those from Windy Point, except for those belonging to D. politus. This suggests that the sorting of the valves at Mount Murchison was not as significantly affected by environmental factors such as intensity of high-energy events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".