Natal and Breeding Dispersal of Razorbills (Alca torda) in Eastern North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Until recently, our understanding of the role of movement in animal populations was limited due to a prevalence of studies on single local populations. Here we report on local and regional movement patterns of Razorbill ( Alca torda ), the least numerous Atlantic alcid, through the use of multi-site capture-mark-recapture/resight for five breeding locations spanning their entire North American breeding range. Razorbill philopatry and breeding site fidelity rates for the Gannet Islands, Labrador were high with 83% of young birds (N = 340) and 97% of adults (N = 149) returning to the same colony to breed. The distance moved between the natal colony and the colony where an individual later bred was significantly greater for birds banded as chicks, both between colonies on the same island and within islands in the Gannet Islands cluster. Regional movements of 40 banded individuals were recorded during 2003-2006, including seven birds that were confirmed breeding at a location different from their natal colony. Emigration distances among colonies in North America ranged from 57 to 1,737 km, providing an unexpectedly high rate of movement of birds between breeding colonies that has not been previously reported for any auk species. One bird, banded as a chick on Digges Island, Nunavut in 1982 was recaptured 24 years later as a breeder on the Gannet Islands (1,737 km away). A chick banded on Handa Island, Scotland in 1971 was seen four times in 2004 at the Gannet Islands (3,210 km away). Despite exhibiting low productivity and survivorship, Razorbill populations at some Atlantic Canada breeding sites have been increasing. We conclude that the dispersal and recruitment of individuals into new colonies that are characteristic of other seabird species may also partly explain patterns of population dynamics at North American Razorbill colonies. Received 27 February 2007, accepted 09 October 2007.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".