Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our specimens were found growing in hemlock pine duff; in hardwood and coniferous forests; range widespread but most common in Northeastern USA and Southeastern Canada; June to September; scattered. Cap begins as hemispheric and becomes more convex and eventually flat as mushroom ages; cap color ranging from bright yellow to bright orange with white, yellow, or orange warts; gills free, white to cream-colored, close to crowded; stipe pale to bright yellow with white to pale yellow volva at base; white to bright yellow universal veil. The distribution of this species is widespread and potentially global. Sanmee et. al. reports that a specimen of A. frostiana was found in Thailand in 1962, but argues that that specimen was in fact the morphologically similar A. rubrovolvata (Sanmee 2008). Further research is required to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the two species and their respective distributions. We are fairly certain that our specimens are A. frostiana, but it is possible that some or all of our specimens are in fact the morphologically similar A. flavoconia. A. frostiana possesses a whiter stipe and a lined cap margin as well as a more persistent volva. Spores of A. frostiana produce a negative amyloid reaction when exposed to Melzer's reagent, an iodine solution used in fungi identification (Leonard 2006). Melzer’s reagent can be used to distinguish the two species, as A. flavoconia has amyloid spores, but this test requires microscopy to complete, which was not something we had access to during this study. ID number: 02.01.02.2021
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".