An Orange diaspora? New Zealand - an international context
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its beginnings in the agrarian conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland in 1795, the loyal Orange Institution (LOI), or Orangeism as it is often called, spread rapidly across the British World. With its mix of loyalism and pan-Protestantism, Orangeism adapted to a variety of countries from Canada and the United States to Ghana and Togo, and the term an 'Orange diaspora' has been coined. But to what extent can we conceptualise an overarching Orange diaspora or Orange migration? This paper addresses that key question by examining Orange sources and other archival research from New Zealand in an international comparative context. Did the Orange Order in New Zealand emerge in the same way that it did elsewhere? Who belonged to it? And to what extent were transnational ties maintained with the Orange Order in other destinations and why? These issues are important for they illuminate aspects of Irish Protestant migration, enable exploration of the fraternity's ideology, and facilitate reflections on broader conceptual issues relating to diaspora and transnationalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".