Performance-Based Minimum Cost Design Of Bridge System Subjected To Devastating Earthquake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, an efficient optimal performance-based seismic design method for bridge system subjected to devastating earthquakes is proposed. In the design of a bridge system, the heights of rubber bearings are taken into account as the continuous design variables, and cross-sectional dimensions and amount of steel reinforcements for RC piers and numbers of pile as the discrete design variables. The relative horizontal displacements to the both bridge and transverse directions and ductile factor are dealt with as design constraints. The construction cost minimization problem can be expressed as a mixed discrete-continuous problem, and it is solved by a classical branch and bound method with dual algorithm and convex approximation. In the optimization process, the design of experiments is applied successfully in order to calculate the dynamic behaviors and those sensitivities of the bridge system. The proposed optimal design method is applied to a five-span continuous steel girder bridge system, and it is demonstrated that the proposed method can obtain the optimum solutions quite efficiently and rigorously.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".