Photo-identification of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) between Iceland, Norway and Guadeloupe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The migration of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is one of the longest known of any mammal on earth. They migrate seasonally between several low-latitude breeding grounds and several high-latitude feeding grounds. The geographical segregation of feeding grounds through maternally-directed site philopatry and the spatial distribution of prey has helped identify five separate feeding grounds in the North Atlantic: Gulf of Maine, Eastern Canada (Newfoundland / Labrador, Gulf of St. Lawrence), West Greenland, Iceland and Norway. Breeding grounds in the North Atlantic have also been identified, with several located within the West Indies and a single one around the Cape Verde Islands. On the feeding grounds 738 individuals have been identified in Icelandic waters, 752 in northern Norwegian waters, and 320 in the Guadeloupe breeding ground of the eastern West Indies. Through photo-identification methods between Icelandic and Norwegian catalogues, four (n=4) humpback whales have been sighted in both feeding grounds, while matches with Guadeloupe display a higher contribution of Norwegian (2.51%) than Icelandic whales (0.94%). The matches between Iceland and Norway may show eastern-North Atlantic feeding humpbacks on a migratory “stop-over” between these high-latitude feeding grounds and lower latitude breeding grounds. The higher percentage of Norwegian whales to Icelandic whales matching with the Guadeloupe catalogue suggests that further eastern-feeding humpbacks are more present within the eastern extent of the West Indies breeding ground, possibly through migratory preference.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".