Poverty as lack of autonomy : bridging the absolute/relative divide?: OPHI research in progress 33a
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a definition of poverty centred on the notion of autonomy,\nunderstood as self-rule, and articulated around the various rights and freedoms required for the\nexistence and exercise of autonomy. This definition, we argue, can accommodate both the relative\nconcept of deprivation proposed by Townsend and the absolute concept proposed by Sen, and thus help\nto provide a unified account of poverty that applies across low, middle and high income countries. This\nhypothesis is tested empirically using datasets from the Philippines, Chile and the UK, showing a\nremarkable constancy across countries in the levels of autonomy or empowerment experienced by poor\nindividuals, independently of the total number of poor individuals, their relative position in society, their\nabsolute income levels and their functionings achievements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".