SELENIUM UPTAKE AND EFFECTS IN GREATER SCAUP (Aythya maπla) WINTERING ON WESTERN LAKE ONTARIO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hypothesis for the decline of the North American greater (Aythya marila) and lesser (A. affinis) scaup population is that contaminant loads acquired on wintering or staging areas are causing lethal or sub-lethal health effects, including impaired reproduction. I investigated whether the health of greater scaup wintering on Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, is affected by elevated selenium (Se) concentrations. Greater scaup were analyzed for Se and other contaminants, and assessed for health and body condition. No relationship between Se concentration and fat or protein level was detected. Furthermore, no relationship between Se concentration and symptoms of Se toxicosis, including increased oxidative stress, was found. While Se concentrations were elevated in 99% of greater scaup wintering on western Lake Ontario, these burdens do not appear to be affecting birds in the measures of health that were assessed in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".