A thrust-stacked origin for inter-stratified till sequences : an example from Weybourne town pit, North Norfolk, UK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subglacial processes, and their temporal and spatial variations, play a significant \nrole in controlling the behaviour of ice masses. The processes leading to the \nformation and emplacement of inter-stratified sequences of subglacial tills are, \nhowever, particularly poorly understood. Such sequences are relatively widespread, \nhaving been found in, for example, the UK, Canada and Germany. Those of the \nWeybourne area of north Norfolk, UK, are especially interesting in that the majority \nof the sediment pile is composed of repeated, inter-laminated subglacial till units with \nvery few non-till units present. Many contrasting mechanisms for this highly \ncontorted sequence have been suggested throughout a long history of investigation at \nthe site and even the direction of ice advance that produced the deformation has \nproved difficult to resolve. In order to address this, the current study combines \nlithological, structural and palynological techniques to investigate the exposure at \nWeybourne Town Pit. A re-interpretation of the sequence is presented in which the \ntills are seen to have been derived initially as subglacial tills from advances of the \nMiddle Pleistocene British Ice Sheet flowing southwards along the east coast of \nEngland. A stage of brittle deformation linked to oscillation of the ice margin is \nidentified as occurring after the primary deposition phase. This secondary \ndeformation phase was responsible for localised thrust-stacking of the till blocks and \nresulted in the inter-stratified sequence seen today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".