On the study of flames in aluminum and iron suspensions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite its importance in industrial accidents and many technological applications, the field of dust combustion remains less understood in comparison to hydrocarbon combustion.The majority of the knowledge on dust combustion either comes from single particle experiments or from constant-volume combustion bombs.However, in the majority of real-life applications, dust combustion happens in dense suspensions, making the usefulness of the first of these approaches limited.As for combustion bombs, they typically only yield information about the pressure history and provide no information on flame structure and flame propagation mechanisms.The present experimental dissertation focuses on the investigation of optically accessible flames propagating in suspensions of metallic fuels using high-speed imaging and spectroscopy.It introduces two novel apparatus to study flames freely-propagating in aluminum suspensions.The first is a smallscale apparatus that uses transparent latex balloons of about 30 cm in diameter to contain the dispersed dust.The balloon expands maintaining isobaric conditions during the experiments.The v
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".