The 1997 Treaty to Ban the Use of Landmines: Was President Clinton's Refusal to Become a Signatory Warranted?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Landmine Treaty to ban the production, stockpiling, export and use of landmines was available for signature in Ottawa in December of 1997.'It will forever be embossed in history as the first true step towards banning landmines in the new era of world-wide disarmament.Unlike all previous international attempts at disarmament, this crusade has been led by over 1,000 anti-mine organizations in fifty-five countries. 2 The International Campaign to Ban Landmines, directed by the 1997 Nobel Prize winner Jody Williams, has acted as the umbrella group for these organizations and has coordinated an international effort. 3 The treaty is a long-needed measure that will put an end to the death of nearly forty civilians every day as well as the maiming of twenty to thirty others. 4 Now that the treaty has been implemented as of March 1, 1999, the question is whether the United States canjustify its refusal to sign it? 5
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".