THESTUDY OF PLUME UKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E GENES FOR PLUM POX VIRUS RESISTANCE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes the most economically-devastating viral disease in Prunus species, including fruit crops and ornamental species. Resistance through screening natural resistant germplasm has long been sought for the control of PPV but few natural resistance genes are available. Viruses encode only a limited number of proteins thus have to recruit host factors for their life cycles. This indicates that manipulating host factors is a potential approach for the development of virus resistance in plants. The present research focused on studying of plum (Prunus domestic L.) eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its isoform eIF(iso)4E genes for the development of strategies for PPV resistance in its natural host Prunus species. The eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes were cloned from plum. The expression profiles of the two genes were shown to be similar in different tissues analyzed by real-time PCR. The plasmids containing hair-pin RNAs of plum eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E were constructed and introduced into plum via Agrobacterium- mediated transformation to silence the endogenous eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes. Gene expression analysis in transgenic plum plants expressing the corresponding hairpin RNAs demonstrated that mRNAs of eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E were significantly decreased in comparison with the wild type plant. Two species of siRNAs, the hallmarks of gene silencing, were detected in transgenic plum plants. Transgenic plants were challenged with PPV-D strain and the resistance was evaluated by the presence of PPV symptoms and lack of viral RNA. It was found that 82% of the eIF(iso)4E transgenic plants were resistant to PPV. In contrast, all the wild type and eIF4E transgenic plants were susceptible to PPV. These results 111 indicate that eIF(iso)4E is involved in PPV infection and silencing of eIF(iso)4E gene leads to plants resistant to the virus. These transgenic plants may also be resistant to other viruses which require eIF(iso)4E for their infections. Results from this research provide a superior strategy for engineering PPV resistance, which will contribute to the eradication of PPV in Canada and also to the global research effort for the control of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".