Unconditional Basic Income in the Framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: An Assessment for Turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the arguments about the unconditional basic income (UBI), which is considered as a partial solution to alleviate poverty and reduce income inequalities. The study will first explore if there is a relationship between income inequality and neoliberalism, which is the dominant economic understanding. Second, it will examine if there is a relationship between an increase in unemployment rates in some countries like Turkey and the deepening of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4th IR). Third, it will seek an answer if it is possible to implement policies that will not leave anyone hungry and vulnerable in a capitalist economic system. Fourth, the paper will briefly evaluate some basic income experiments from Brazil, India, the US, Canada, and Finland to find satisfactory answers to the above questions. Next, the budgetary costs of three alternative UBI possibilities for Turkey are calculated. Finally, the article will make a modest theoretical contribution to increasing the likelihood of positive externality spread to society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".