Association of post-parturient endometritis with serum metabolites, cortisol and neutrophil function over an extended sampling period in dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: In dairy cows, the development of endometritis following parturition can adversely affect reproduction, leading to subfertility. The metabolic profile, serum cortisol and peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytic ability of cows that develop endometritis have yet to be fully characterized over an extended period.\nObjectives: To determine the temporal changes in serum metabolites, serum cortisol and neutrophil phagocytic ability during the extended pre- and post-partum period and relate this to the development of endometritis in dairy cows.\nMethods: Blood samples were collected from 40 dairy cows (Canadian Holstein) five weeks before the expected calving date and then repeated biweekly until seven weeks postpartum (eight samples/animal). Serum glucose, calcium, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea and cortisol concentrations were measured. Peripheral blood neutrophil phagocytic ability was evaluated using flow cytometry. Cows with endometritis (> 18 % neutrophils/100 cells) were identified at five weeks postpartum using a cytological evaluation of uterine cytosmears collected using the modified cytobrush technique.\nResults: Twelve out of 40 cows (30 %) were diagnosed with endometritis around five weeks postpartum. Compared to non-endometritic cows, endometritic cows had higher glucose concentrations at parturition (P < 0.01) and seven weeks postpartum (P = 0.02), higher calcium concentrations one week prior to parturition (P = 0.02) and at parturition (P = 0.02), and higher BHB concentrations one week following parturition (P = 0.03). Furthermore, endometritic cows had lower peripheral neutrophil counts (P < 0.01) with a lower neutrophil phagocytic ability (P = 0.05) at one week postpartum than their non-endometritic counterparts. The NEFA, urea, or cortisol concentrations did not differ between the two groups over the sampling period. Conclusions: Based on the current data, the development of endometritis was associated with higher serum concentrations of total calcium one week prior to parturition, higher serum glucose and total calcium at parturition, and higher BHB concentrations, lower peripheral blood neutrophil\ncount and lower phagocytic ability one week following parturition. Monitoring of these key metabolites may aid in the early identification of at-risk cows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".