Användares erfarenheter av däckslitage hos elfordon : en enkät- och intervjustudie
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrification of vehicles is considered as a solution to reduce climate gas emissions as well as locally emitted air pollution components due to zero exhaust emissions. Also brake wear emissions are expected to be reduced due to the use of regenerative2 braking. However, electric vehicles (EVs) have higher and more direct torque and can therefore accelerate fast. They are also generally heavier than equivalent internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). These properties are hypothesized to lead to higher non-exhaust emissions from tyre and road wear as well as higher resuspension of road dust. On the other hand, driving behaviour in EVs might differ due to e.g. driving range issues. This study aims at investigating users’ experiences with tyre wear of EVs, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The study was done using web-based inquiries and interviews. Two formats of surveys, one for private users and one for professional users were prepared. The professional survey included taxi, bus transport and car rental companies. The survey to private owners was communicated to the public using an ad on Facebook and the survey to professional users was sent by emails to companies. Furthermore, some interviews were done by professional users. 307 users answered the survey to private users and 28 companies answered the survey of professional users. Furthermore, six representatives for companies were interviewed. The results showed that approximately 33% of private users and 12.5% of professional users experienced faster tyre wear in their EVs/HEVs/PHEVs, compared with tyre wear in ICEVs. Generally, for all electric vehicle types, most professional users experience similar tyre wear as for ICEVs. Vehicle acceleration and weight are the two most commonly mentioned reasons for faster tyre wear, while driving behaviour is the most commonly answered reason for slower tyre wear, compared to tyre wear in ICEVs
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.032 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".