The association between the Healthy Baby program and postpartum depression among birthing parents in Manitoba: a retrospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects about 10-20% of birthing parents and low-income birthing parents are at high risk. It is important to address PPD due to the associated negative outcomes for both birthing parent and child. The Manitoba Healthy Baby (HB) program has two components: Prenatal Benefit (HBPB) and Community Support Programs (HBCSP) aiming to promote perinatal health. While there is evidence indicating that the HB program improves birth and perinatal outcomes, the impact on the birthing parents’ mental health is yet to be examined. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the effect of participation in the two components of the HB program on the incidence of PPD among low-income birthing parents in Manitoba. Methods: Using the de-identified, linkable routinely collected data in the Population Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP), all low-income birthing parents who had singleton, vaginal, full-term, live birth of their first child in Manitoba between April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2019, were included (n = 3,561). Generalized Linear Models with Inverse Probability Treatment Weights were used to assess the relative difference in the associated risk of having a PPD diagnosis between exposure groups. Sensitivity to unmeasured confounding was estimated using E-value. Discussion: Both receipt of the HBPB and prenatal attendance in the HBCSP alone were associated with an increased likelihood of PPD. However, the combination of the two components did not yield statistically significant results, and the association of HBCSP attendance with PPD was only found for rural areas. Although findings may be interpreted as the program causing harm, the more likely explanation is the higher risk profile of those participating in the program and/or the program’s effectiveness in connecting birthing parents to professional help. This study highlights the importance of connecting birthing parents with their primary care provider as it can determine receipt of PPD diagnosis and care. Efforts should be increased to improve the HB program’s reach toward birthing parents who may be at risk for depression to be able to address PPD among this population as well as its associated negative outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".