Audiovisual multisensory integration in young adults with and without a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioural and neurophysiological characteristics. Several cortical structures that are altered in ADHD are involved in the process of multisensory integration (MSI). MSI is a fundamental form of sensory processing involved in many everyday tasks. Therefore, it is important to know whether those with ADHD experience altered MSI. Two different paradigms were used to assess MSI in adults with a diagnosis of ADHD. First, a simple response time (RT) task was completed. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis revealed that those with ADHD had MSI occur, while there were significant differences in brain activity between groups. Study two employed a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task. Those with ADHD responded faster than controls. EEG analysis revealed that those with ADHD have enhanced MSI. Activity differences were found in brain regions that are structurally altered in those with ADHD, indicating that structural alterations in ADHD may promote sensory processing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".