Bone mineral density of young, healthy Canadian women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) of healthy young women is not commonly measured. Descriptive research on factors that influence BMD could be useful in osteoporosis prevention, and could lead to the development of Canadian BMD reference standards. Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of 52 undergraduate students. BMD was measured at three clinically relevant sites using a Discovery Wi (Hologic Inc.) dual energy X-ray absorptiometer. Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire. Results: Mean BMDs measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body were, (respectively), 0.863±0.11; 1.019±0.09 and 1.085±0.07 g/cm2. Television watching, lactose intolerance, alcoholic drinks per week, and age were used in a linear regression model to predict whole body BMD ('r'2=0.727, p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on criteria established by the World Health Organization, young women in this group present with lower than expected BMD. Factors which influence bone health in older women also affect BMD in young women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".