Characterization and prevention of Fusarium mycotoxicoses in turkeys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites with varying chemical structures and biological effects. Contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem worldwide. The major mycotoxin producing fungi are ' Aspergillus, Penicillium' and 'Fusarium'. Occurrence of 'Fusarium' mycotoxins is common in temperate regions of the world including Canada. There is a lack of information on the effects of feeding low concentrations of feed-borne 'Fusarium' mycotoxins on turkeys. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with low concentrations of 'Fusarium' mycotoxins to turkeys. The efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA) in preventing any adverse effects was also evaluated. The contaminated diets were formulated by replacing control corn and wheat with contaminated corn and wheat, respectively. The feeding of contaminated grains adversely affected performance, metabolism and health of turkeys. Supplementation of contaminated diets with GMA prevented many of the adverse effects. The reduced performance was thought be due to decreased absorption of nutrients from the gut and due to behavioral changes caused by alterations in brain neurotransmission. This hypothesis was tested by measuring the effect of diet on intestinal morphology and brain neurochemistry. The feeding of contaminated grains adversely affected intestinal morphology and brain serotonergic neurotransmission. Supplementation of GMA prevented many of these adverse effects. The effects of feeding contaminated diets on intestinal immunity and cell proliferation, and histology of immune organs revealed adverse effects on intestinal lymphocyte subsets, cell proliferation in crypts and cellularity of lymphoid organs. GMA prevented the adverse effects on intestinal lymphocyte subsets. In summary, performance, metabolism, intestinal morphology and brain neurochemistry in turkeys was adversely affected by feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins. The immune system of turkeys was sensitive to the effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins as reflected in adverse effects at both the systemic and at the intestinal levels. It was concluded that the feeding of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to turkeys should be minimised.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".