Caracterização de proveniências de Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda para instalação de ensaios de proveniências
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Portugal tem se deparado com um grave problema, que é o Nemátode da Madeira do Pinheiro (NMP), que afeta o Pinheiro Bravo (Pinus pinaster), o que incrementa a necessidade de procurar diversas soluções e o aumento do conhecimento. Assim, com este trabalho pretende-se demonstrar o interesse de avaliar a tolerância/resistência ao nemátode pela instalação de ensaios de espécies e proveniências resistentes ao NMP ou até mesmo a criação de híbridos, com os nossos melhores indivíduos de P. pinaster. Irão ser analisadas duas espécies de Pinus (Pinus elliottii e Pinus taeda), que apresentam resistência ao nemátode, bem como, boa produtividade de madeira e de resina. Estas espécies são originárias da América do Norte (Canadá e Estados Unidos), em regiões onde o NMP é endémico. A utilização de semente ou de plantas melhoradas geneticamente ou de pólen (para constituição de híbridos) e com posterior instalação de ensaios são no conjunto diferentes abordagens que permitem melhorar o nosso conhecimento sobre esta temática. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as proveniências de P. elliottii e P. taeda e verificar a viabilidade da importação da semente, para constituição de ensaios com estas espécies e proveniências melhor adaptadas às nossas condições edafo-climáticas. Uma das preocupações é o fato de poderem ser espécies invasoras, no entanto, após estudos realizados verificou-se que isso só tem sido registado em países tropicais e a probabilidade de se tornarem invasoras na Europa é muito reduzida. Posto isto, verificou-se que seria interessante definirem-se os locais em Portugal e instalar ensaios, onde poderíamos testar e avaliar o comportamento de P. pinaster, P. taeda, P. elliottii e mais tarde os respetivos híbridos, selecionando as melhores proveniências e/ou indivíduos, atendendo ao objetivo do produto final (resina/madeira). As sementes deveriam ser importadas da América do Norte (região de origem destas espécies) e do Brasil (áreas importantes de produção das espécies). Em Portugal, os ensaios seriam instalados nas Regiões de Proveniência do Pinheiro Bravo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, Pinus pinaster, Nematode da Madeira do Pinheiro. ABSTRACT Portugal has been facing a serious problem, which is the Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) that affects Pinus pinaster and increases the need to seek different solutions and increase the knowledge about it. Thus, this work intends to demonstrate the importance of evaluation the tolerance/resistance to nematode by the establishment of trials of species and provenances resistant to Pine Wood Nematode or even their hybridazation, with our best individuals of Pinus pinaster. Two species of Pinus (Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda), both showing Nematode resistance, as well as good wood and resin productivity, will be analyzed. These species originate in North America (Canada and the United States) in regions where PWN is endemic. The use of seed or genetically improved plants or pollen (for hybridization) and subsequent installation of tests are altogether different approaches that allow us to improve our knowledge on this subject. The objective of this work is to identify the provenances of P. elliottii and P. taeda and verify the viability of the seed importation, to constitute trials with these species and provenances better adapted to our soil and climatic conditions. One of our concerns is that they may be invasive species. However, different studies have shown that this behavior has only been recorded in tropical countries, the probability of becoming invasive in Europe is very low. After this, it was verified that it would be interesting to identify the sites in Portugal and then after to establish trials with selected provenances, where we could assay and evaluate the behavior of P. pinaster, P. taeda, P. elliottii and later the respective hybrids, selecting the best provenances and/or individuals, taking into account the objective of the final product (resin/wood). The seeds should be imported from North America (region of origin of these species) and Brazil (important areas of wood and resin production of these species). In Portugal, the trials should be installed in the Regions of Provenances of Pinus pinaster. KEYWORDS: Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, Pinus pinaster, Pine Wood Nematode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".