Cluttering: Etiology, Symptomatology, Identification, and Treatment.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A student-friendly resource on stuttering and related fluency disorders by a who's who of global expertsStuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency, Fourth Edition honors the philosophy that discoveries of the past are the bedrock of the present and the inspiration for future explorations—in this context—the nature and treatment of stuttering. Initially developed over 30 years ago, the first two editions were edited by the late Richard F. Curlee and the third edition was co-edited by Richard F. Curlee and Edward G. Conture. The latest edition, co-edited by Patricia M. Zebrowski, Julie D. Anderson, and Edward G. Conture, brings together contemporary insights and a multinational perspective from 44 world-class academicians, clinicians, and researchers in the field of stuttering and related disorders.The book is organized into six sections and 17 chapters, with the first section describing basic facts and theories. The second section covers genetic, neural, linguistic, cognitive, and physiological factors. The third section features three dedicated chapters on the diagnosis of preschool-age children, school-age children, and adolescents and adults. The fourth section discusses treatment guidelines with three chapters organized by the same age demographics, while the fifth section covers language and phonological, bilingual and multicultural, and pharmacological considerations for treatment. The sixth, and last, section provides guidance on cluttering and acquired stuttering—from causes and symptoms to diagnosis and treatment.Key HighlightsUp-to-date, reader-friendly text is ideal for students with no or limited background or experience in the nature and treatment of stuttering and related fluency disordersComprehensive content covering all relevant aspects of stuttering in diverse populations across the lifespan, including etiology, development, diagnosis, and treatmentContributions from a diverse group of top scholars and practitioners from the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and AustraliaThis text is essential reading for upper-class undergraduates and early-stage graduate students in communication sciences and disorders. It also provides an invaluable classroom tool for instructors teaching basic courses on this subject and is a helpful sourcebook for researchers investigating stuttering and related fluency disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".