Dairy production in the urban fringe: an analysis of capital investment decisions on southern Ontario dairy farms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Issues surrounding urbanization and its implication on agricultural production are important topics in the literature that require further research. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of distance to an urban area on investment in capital stock on dairy farms. Thereby, I will be testing for the 'impermanence syndrome' hypothesis, which suggests farmers will disinvest in agricultural activities in anticipation of the conversion of their farmland to non-agricultural uses. Regression analysis is used to examine the relationship between investment in dairy farm assets and proximity to urban areas. More specifically, the regression analysis allows for the examination of whether there is a relationship between barn quality and distance to the nearest urban area. Empirical results suggest that distance is not significant in explaining barn quality; therefore results did not support the impermanence syndrome hypothesis. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results of the specified model are robust to alternative model specifications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".