Effects of exogenous ethylene on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that the phytohormone ethylene plays a significant role in the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM). Using improved methods for both the application of exogenous ethylene and quantification of AM fungal colonization, it was shown that a continuous flow of exogenous substrateethylene inhibits colonization of pea (' Pisum sativum') and leek ('Allium porrum') by the AM fungus, 'Glomus aggregatum'. Ethylene (5.5 ppm) reduced colonization of pea by limiting the success of fungal root entry and restricting the extension of colonization units; additionally, the morphology of symbiotic fungal structures was altered. In leek roots exposed to 0.6 ppm ethylene, colonization was reduced; however, morphological alterations were not observed. Treatment with 0.3 ppm ethylene did not significantly affect colonization, but results suggest that lower levels may stimulate AM formation in leek. Ethylene did not affect the number of appressoria formed on roots of either species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".