Enhancement of Silica Sand by Resin Coating for Sand Control Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the literature and experimental works on enhancement of Terengganu silica sand by resin coating and investigates its potential to be used as commercial propping agent for sand control application. The purpose of this study is to measure porosity, permeability, strength behavior of resin coated silica sand and examine the solid production when use in gravel packing application. Four different machines were used: Uniaxial Compressive Strength Triaxial Compression Test, Mercury Pressure Porosimetry, PoroPerm, and High Pressure High Temperature Test. Results from resin coated silica sand samples were compared with Ottawa Frac sand 20/40 and selected commercial proppants. The study found that permeability and porosity of Terengganu resin coated silica sand showed acceptable range of values. Moreover, Terengganu resin coated silica sand met the requirement of solid/particle production and had significantly higher compressive strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".