Energy savings due to occupancy sensors and personal controls: a pilot field study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted in cubicle workstations occupied by individuals conducting their regular office duties. The workstations were lit by dimmable direct-indirect luminaires controlled via DALI protocol by occupancy sensors in each luminaire and personal controls located on the occupants' computer screens. The energy use and power demand attributable to the lighting controls were compared to those of a conventional lighting system previously in place. The occupants' opinion of the DALI system was also examined. Despite a low frequency-of-use, the personal controls were mentioned by 75% of the occupants as a feature they appreciated having. In contrast, only 30% of the occupants liked the occupancy sensors. Despite the fact that the DALI system had an installed lighting power density 50% higher than the conventional system, with both controls in operation it saved 32% in daily energy use. This shows that lighting power density does not uniquely define energy performance. Time-of-use, which is strongly linked to controls, is critically important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".