Environmental Impacts of Dredging Reclamation and Coastal Modifications in Coral Reef Islands, a Case Study from Maldives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assimilation, concentration and dispersion rate of dredged material in an elongated coral reef (faro) was investigated to study the environmental impacts of an ongoing dredging, reclamation and coastal modification (creation of artificial headlands, bays and a marina) project in Reethi Rah Resort North Male atoll.Sediment transport pattern around the island and concentration of dredged material was quantitatively measured in 10 locations.Two sets of sea surface water samples were collected, one while dredging and another set three hours after dredging stopped, to study the assimilation, dispersion rate and behavior of sediment plume within the house reef.Wave, current, wind and tide data was utilized to interpret results of the quantitative data.The study showed that bottom sediment movement around Reethi Rah Falhu was slow; the highest rate recoded was 50gram m -1 d - 1 in westerly direction.Concentration of dredged material on the eastern and northern side is (3%) while on the southwestern and southeastern end is (7-9%).Turbidity level within the house reef falls from 17.5NTU to below 1 NTU, similarly concentration of suspended solids in sea surface water falls from 44 mg/l, to 5-1 mg/l three hours after dredging stops.The results reveal that the sediment plume travels west and southwest directions and it is very much confined, locally dispersed very rapidly and disappears from the surface after traveling approximately 750m, concentration of silt content in seabed gradually increases southwest and westwards.The material is carried away from the source very rapidly due to the strong wave and current action within the house reef, hence sedimentation is minimal on the reef flat.Longer period data collection would enable to model the sediment movement pattern within the house reef and changes in the beach profile more accurately and consequent long to medium-term impact of coastal structures on islands. IntorductionThe Atolls of the Maldives are located midway stretching about 800km on the Indian Ocean's 3000 km long Laccadive-Chagos submarine ridge.Small low-lying reef islands
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".