First results of numerical simulations of bergy bit collisions with the CCGS Terry Fox icebreaker
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical simulations of a collision between the CCGS Terry Fox icebreaker and a bergy bit (1911 t glacial ice mass) have been conducted using LS-DynaTM software, which incorporates a full Navier-Stokes solver for the fluid component. First results compared favorably with actual data acquired during field tests in June, 2001. The simulations were run on a Beowulf cluster consisting of 15 high-performance CPU's. The modeled volume, including the vessel, water and bergy bit, was meshed using AnsysTM software and contained approximately one million elements. A prior set of non-impact simulations of a model tanker transiting in proximity to model bergy bits showed that at least this number of elements was required. In the results presented here the vessel was traveling at 5 m/s and the impact occurred on the port side of the hull, in the region where the instruments were located during the field tests. A hard crushable foam material model was used for the bergy bit in order to model previously observed ice behavior where the ice contact interface consists of a relatively intact hard zone of ice surrounded by softer pulverized ice. The simulation produced reasonable values for the load, pressure and impact duration values obtained in the field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".