Influence of Rain on the Breeding and Molting Phenology of Birds in a Thorn Woodland of Northeastern Venezuela
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumen.-Influencia de la lluvia sobre la fenología de la reproducción y muda de las aves en un bosque espinoso del noreste de Venezuela.-En ese estudio, monitoreamos durante dos años consecutivos la comunidad de aves de un bosque espinoso situado cerca de Cumaná, Estado de Sucre, al Noreste de Venezuela.Las aves fueron capturadas con redes de neblina cada dos o tres semanas.Todos los individuos fueron anillados y liberados, y datos sobre edad, muda, y presencia o ausencia de parche de incubación fueron obtenidos para cada ave capturada.Los dos años del estudio se caracterizaron por importantes variaciones en cuanto a la abundancia de lluvias.Durante el primer año, la estación lluviosa fue relativamente corta con precipitaciones anuales (255,7 mm) inferiores al mínimo promedio normal.Por el contrario, el segundo año se caracterizó por una estación lluviosa mas larga con precipitaciones anuales tres veces (786,5 mm) mas abundantes que durante el primer año.La sucesión de un año inusualmente seco por uno excepcionalmente húmedo presentó una oportunidad para comparar la influencia de variaciones climáticas de alta amplitud sobre los ciclos de reproducción y muda de las aves.Describimos las variaciones de los ciclos de reproducción y muda principalmente al nivel de comunidad.El incremento de las precipitaciones durante el segundo año influenció particularmente la abundancia de juveniles, pero no afectó realmente los ciclos de reproducción y muda.Los periodos de reproducción y muda fueron controlados por momento en que se iniciaron las lluvias, no por su abundancia.Abstract.-In this study we sampled during two successive years (1965)(1966)(1967) the bird community of a thorn woodland near Cumaná, State of Sucre, northeastern Venezuela.Birds were mist-netted every two or three weeks.All individuals were banded and released, and data on age, molt stage and presence or absence of a brood patch were obtained for each captured bird.These two years of sampling were characterized by important rainfall fluctuations.The first year had a relatively short wet season, with an annual rainfall (255.7 mm) under the normal average minimum.On the contrary, the second year had a longer wet season and received three times more rain (786.5 mm) than the first year.The succession of unusually dry and wet years constituted an opportunity to compare the influence of high-amplitude climatic variations on the breeding and molting cycles of birds.The variations of the breeding and molt cycles were described mainly at the community level.It appeared that the increase of rainfall during the second year influenced particularly the fledglings abundance, but not really breeding and molting cycles.The breeding and molt periods were controlled by the timing of rains, not by their abundance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".