Innovation applied to facing of enterprises social economy. A case of impact investment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The economic and financial crisis of 2008 caused a significant mistrust to the capitalist system. After the crisis, different initiatives of capital investors emerged to direct their investments to organizations and projects that would have a social and / or environmental impact. Among management scholars and practitioners such investments are known as impact investments.\nImpact investments represent a new financing formula for projects that have a social and / or environmental impact, as well as an economic return. Investors who provide financial resources to these types of projects tend to prioritize social or environmental impact, to economic profitability. That is, they are willing to obtain a lower return in comparison with a conventional investment, as long as they can compensate for it with the achievement of a measurable social and /or environmental impact.\nThe impact investment market, like any other market, is a combination of capital demand to finance impact generating projects, impact capital supply, and intermediaries that help connect supply and demand. Currently, the impact investment market has developed significantly in countries such as the United States and Canada, as well as some European countries, such as the United Kingdom, The Netherlands and Denmark. These countries have been pioneers in the use of this financing formula for social projects.\nGiven the growing importance of the impact investment market among practitioners, as well as an increasing interest towards this phenomenon among scholars, this study is aimed to research the concept of impact investment, and puts forward a twofold objective. First, the study aims to perform a descriptive analysis of the concept and characteristics of impact investments, as well as the main existing research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".