Linseed oil-based concrete surface treatment for building and highway structures in Hong Kong
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This experimental program investigated the effectiveness of concrete surface treatment using four Canadian linseed oil-based sealants on concrete specimens made from G30/20 and G45/20 concretes, which are typically used for building and highway structures in Hong Kong. The tests were conducted at the University of Hong Kong and the University of Manitoba independently, using samples cast from the same mixes in Hong Kong. A total of more than 500 specimens were tested in each university for salt spray resistance, carbonation, bond strength, dripping and ultra-violet weathering. The results show that the four sealants were capable of penetrating through vertical, upward horizontal and downward horizontal concrete surfaces up to depths of 2.5 mm. All the four sealants significantly enhanced the resistance of G30/20 concrete against salt spray attack and carbonation. The resistance of G45/20 concrete to salt spray was also increased. Up to a duration limit of 500 hours of quick ultra-violet weathering, the treated specimens still demonstrated higher resistance against salt spray attack and carbonation than the untreated ones. However, no conclusion can be made regarding the effect on carbonation resistance of G45/20 concrete, since both the treated and untreated specimens showed no signs of carbonation after the test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".