Long-term correlates of lake whitefish recruitment in eastern Lake Ontario spanning an ecosystem regime shift
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the late 1970s lake whitefish ('Coregonus clupeaformis ') in eastern Lake Ontario have exhibited large variation in adult abundance and recruitment. During this period the Lake Ontario food web underwent a period of remarkable ecological change consistent with an ecosystem regime shift in 1995. Regime shifts can induce profound changes in the recruitment process, altering the strength and relative importance of density-dependent (stock size) and density-independent (environmental) processes. I evaluate multiple working hypotheses for drivers of whitefish recruitment spanning the regime shift. Prior to 1995 the recruitment data best supported a weakly density-dependent stock-recruit model (explaining 72% of variation in recruitment) with subsequent modification by lower food web production (8.8%); after 1995 a weakly density-dependent model alone was best supported by the data (87%). Population attributes associated with weak density-dependence may have rendered the population sensitive to major environmental changes and food web disruptions in the mid-1990s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".