Low dose CT screening for lung cancer Pilots in car parks take the UK one step closer to national screening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The head of NHS England, Simon Stevens, recently announced plans to expand pilot schemes offering lung cancer screening in supermarket car parks. This has prompted inevitable questions about national screening for a cancer that causes more deaths in developed countries than breast and bowel cancers combined. Lung cancer is curable if found at an early stage, but two thirds of people present with advanced disease, when survival is short and cure uncommon. Established screening programmes for breast and bowel cancer exist in many developed nations, but only the US and Canada have approved national screening for lung cancer with low dose computed tomography (CT), based primarily on findings from the US National Lung Screening Trial. The trial reported reductions in mortality from both lung cancer and all causes (20% and 6.7% respectively) after annual CT for three years compared with annual chest radiography. The final results from the only other clinical study powered to detect a reduction in mortality, the Dutch-Belgian NELSON trial, are still awaited.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".