Mating system and social behavior of rusty blackbirds on Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many aspects of the breeding biology of the rapidly declining Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) are unknown.I used behavioral observations and genetic analyses to gain a better understanding of their mating system, on Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA.Four polymorphic microsatellites developed for other avian species (QmAAT21, QmAAT37, Aph54, and Mp2-43) were used to assess rates of extrapair paternity, polyandry, and egg dumping.Behavioral observations were employed to identify the social mating system and parental nest investment in relation to genetic contributions.In contrast to previous studies, my results indicate that male Rusty Blackbirds are not socially monogamous; over 15% of nests belonged to polygynous males.There was no evidence of polyandry or egg dumping, but extra-pair paternity (EPP) occurred in 33% of nests.There was no correlation between the proportion of young that a male sired in a nest and either feeding rate or nest defense.Further studies are needed to investigate the role of environmental and social factors on mating systems and the rates of polygamy and EPP in Rusty Blackbirds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".