Neighbourhood deprivation and self-esteem: is there equalisation in adolescence?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background - Residents of more deprived and socially fragmented neighbourhoods are more likely to suffer from poor physical health and severe psychiatric morbidity than individuals living in more affluent and socially cohesive neighbourhoods. However, this pattern is less clear for more common psychological outcomes such as depression, anxiety and psychological traits such as self-esteem in early adolescence. In particular, the relationship between adolescent mental health and psychological traits may vary by national context. Two hypotheses broadly frame these variations: the deprivation amplification hypothesis and the socio-economic equalisation in youth hypothesis. Specifically, deprivation amplification is supported for adolescents in the U.S, while equalisation hypothesis appears to be supported outside that national context. Aims - The study aims to extend existing international research by addressing three research questions using data on adolescents aged 10-15 in the UK and Canada. 1. Is there support for socio-economic equalisation in early adolescent self-esteem in the UK and Canada across household socio-economic status and neighbourhood deprivation? 2. Is support for equalisation consistent across the socio-geographic levels of family, neighbourhood, region and nation? 3. Is there evidence for prospective associations between adolescent self-esteem and socio-geographic processes of neighbourhood context, composition, health selective migration and socio-geographic mobility in the UK and Canada? Methods - Two longitudinal datasets, the British Youth Panel (UK) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Canada) were analysed using multilevel logistic regression and cluster-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models. Results – Contrary to prevailing deprivation amplification hypothesis, self-esteem was not inversely associated with neighbourhood deprivation and social fragmentation neighbourhoods in both countries either prior to, or after controlling for individual and family characteristics. In fact, living in the least deprived 20% of Canadian neighbourhoods was associated with lower self-esteem in boys. Other than this, neighbourhood composition accounted for all significant associations with self-esteem. However, low teenage self-esteem was associated with subsequent household socio-geographic mobility, an effect explained by family factors. In addition, moving to more socially fragmented neighbourhoods is associated with low self-esteem but moving to more materially deprived neighbourhoods is not, independently of individual and family variables. Discussion and conclusions – Results are discussed with reference to the implications for deprivation amplification and socio-economic equalisation in youth hypotheses. Contributions to health geography and limitations of the study are then addressed before policy implications are considered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".