Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paul M. Sweezy (New York, 1910-2004) was a co-founder and, for over half a century, co-editor of Monthly Review. At the basis of his theoretical thought there is a Marxian approach, open and creative, and an attention to high elaboration of the twentieth century – Hilferding and Veblen, Schumpeter and Keynes, Kalecki and Steindl. With The Theory of Capitalist Development (1942) and Monopoly Capital (1966, written with Baran), he was a reference point on a global level. Monopoly capitalism is marked by an organic tendency to stagnation. Antagonistic factors can, in some way, counteract it: waste, with induced consumption and armaments, epoch-making innovations and wars. In the Sweezian reflection of the last quarter of the twentieth century – also in dialogue with Minsky – the systemic trend is particularly counteracted by the large indebtedness and finance explosion. However, finance becoming autonomous and placing itself at the center of the system increases its instability and unsustainability and exposure to the crisis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.875 | 0.890 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".