POWER-FREQUENCY INTERACTIONS IN AN AC/DC/AC SYSTEM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study of power-frequency interactions in an AC/DC/AC system is presented in this thesis. The selected system consists of three connected hydro-electric generating stations, which transmit power to a receiving AC system over two HVDC bipolar transmission links. Mathematical models of the DC bipoles, and the sending end and receiving end AC systems are \ndeveloped and are amalgamated to provide an equivalent of the composite AC/DC/AC system. The derived linearized model is suitable for representing low frequency power—frequency interactions.\n\nThe model of the DC bipole includes representation of the firing angle, master current order and power order controllers. The sending end generators are represented by voltages behind transient reactances and inertial equations. The voltages behind the transient reactances are assumed to vary such that voltages at the high tension buses are maintained constant. To concentrate on interactions between the sending end generators and the DC bipoles, the receiving end system is assumed to be an infinite bus.\n\nThe stability of the composite AC/DC/AC system is investigated using root locus studies and real time simulations. The sending end system is unstable when the DC links are operated in the constant power mode. It is shown that modulation of power flow of the DC links stabilizes the system. Lead-lag and double lead-lag modulators are investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".