Posting of workers and collective labour law in the EU : there and back again : between internal market and fundamental rights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interest for the phenomenon of posting of workers in the EU has been revived by the (infamous) decisions delivered by the CJEU in the Laval (2007), Rüffert (2008) and Commission v. Luxembourg (2008) cases. This research explores the relationship between the posting phenomenon and collective labour law. In particular, it examines the potential impact on national systems of collective labour law of the legal construction of this phenomenon at the EU level. The analysis identifies two main tensions entailed by recent developments both legal and at socio-economic. On the one hand, the growing tension between the case law of the CJEU about the relationship between fundamental freedoms of the internal market and fundamental social rights, and the level of protection awarded to these same rights by international bodies. On the other hand, the trend towards de-centralisation of collective bargaining, which appears to collide with the marked "preference" of the Court of Justice for centralised systems when it comes to extending working conditions to posted workers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".