Reviewers for Raptor Research, 1986
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study of the effects of nestling removal from a population of Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) in southwestern Wyoming was begun in 1982.The objectives were to determine if a harvestable surplus of young is produced and to document effects of reduced reproductive success on a breeding population.Reproductive success was experimentally reduced to <2.0 young/pair/yr--the number calculated to be necessary to maintain the population through time.To date, there is no evidence that nestling removal caused a decline in numbers of breeding pairs.Data from Prairie Falcon nests in eight states demonstrated a consistent pattern of nest placement relative to height and aspect of nest cliffs.Nest height averaged 63% of cliff height.Aspects of eyries and nest cliffs tended to be southerly with no significant difference between eyrie and cliff exposures.Potholes in cliffs were the most frequently used nest sites.Patterns of occupancy and nest success in Wyoming were statistically independent of the physical habitat variables measured.Estimates of survival were calculated using recent band recovery data.Maximum likelihood estimates of annual survival were 15% for juveniles and 72% for adults.Population modeling indicated that a reasonable range for annual adult survival was 70-85% with juvenile survival rates of 15-35%.Annual turnover and survival of breeding adults were calculated from studies in Canada, Colorado and Wyoming Annual turnover was estimated at 22%; adult survival was at least 81%.Survival of males was greater than that of females but the difference was not statistically significant.Complete turnover in a breeding population was estimated to require from five to eight yr.Fidelity of individual falcons to previous breeding territory was 88%; median breeding dispersal distance was 3.2 km.Median natal dispersal was 12.9 km for 33 •; significantly less than the median of 54.4 km recorded for 55 ee.Median and modal age at first capture on territory was two yr.First-year Prairie Falcons occupied territories and nested successfully.Median age of falcons occupying nesting territories was three yr, the oldest breeder encountered was eight.Runde, Douglas E.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.797 | 0.727 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".