Publication of maps on the Internet: the evolution of cartography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article describes the evolution of the technologies used in cartography. It analyzed the concept of cartography, mapping and integration of information technologies, the emergence of such a thing as the Internet mapping. Dan's first classification of the maps presented in the Internet. The history of the development of web-mapping since 1993. A brief description of projects such as Xerox PARC Map Viewer, a national atlas of Canada, an atlas of Scotland, virtual globe NASA World Wind, Open Street Maps, global mapping services Google-Maps and Google-Earth. Among the projects highlighted in Russian projects such as WikiMapia, 2GIS project, which includes a map, business directory, travel options in the various forms of transport, etc., search and information service Yandex, which allows to watch maps of major cities and satellite images, reference -Information service «public cadastral map» that provides users with information of the State cadastre of real estate in Russia. The analysis and classification of the main advanced applications to create Web mapping solutions. Among them are custom geographic information systems, mapping resources to quickly create and publish spatial data, as well as Web servers and geo-portals, which are ready-made solutions to well-deined user interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.014 | 0.027 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.021 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".