Seed Set and Seed-Insect Interactions in Natural and Cultivated Populations of Purple Prairie Clover
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) is a common native legume on dry prairies throughout the central USA and Canada. Seed set in natural populations can be very low, and the reason(s) are not well known. Our objectives were: 1) determine seed set in natural and cultivated populations of purple prairie clover in eastern SD, and 2) identify seed predators and parasitoids associated with natural and cultivated populations. Collection of inflorescences occurred on the South Dakota State University Oak Lake Field Station (OLFS), and from a cultivated population in McCrory Gardens at Brookings, SD. At OLFS, normal seed set was 10% compared with 60% for the McCrory Gardens population. Frequency of unfertilized ovules was about 25%, and seed predation was 55% at OLFS compared with 24% unfertilized ovules and 23% seed predation at McCrory Gardens. The most common seed predators were Kissingeria capitone (Kissinger) and an unidentified midge, Contarinia sp. (Cecidomyiidae). The bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides seminulum (Horn) had much lower seed predation rates. The most common parasitoid reared from beetle larvae was Lyrcus incertus (Ashmead). The chalcidoid wasps Baryscapus sp. and Aprostocetus marylandensis (Girault) attacked midge larvae. A few individuals of Bracon sp. and Inostemma sp., hosts unknown, were also collected from immature inflorescences. This study identified a previously unknown guild of insects associated with inflorescences in purple prairie clover and revealed reasons for a paucity of viable seed production in natural populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".